Translations of Encyclopedia about Physics

A Charge and its Movement in a Magnetic Field

A magnetic field exists around every magnet and electrical conductor, or anywhere else where one can observe the effects of a magnetic force. The position and size of a magnetic field can be explained using lines of force (within a magnetic field), and a system of lines of force can be depicted using iron filings.

A Lorence force acts on any charge located within a magnetic force.

The Lorence force is a strength (F) which acts on a charge (Q) travelling at speed (v) within a magnetic field (magnetic force of a field - B). The equation depicting the relation between these elements is: F = Q (v ·B).

This force acts perpendicular to the direction of movement and in the direction of lines of force B, working to deflect the electrical charge.

The most broadly used effect of a magnetic field on an electric charge is electromagnetic induction. If a conductor is found located in a magnetic field or if the field itself changes (more exactly stated: its magnetic strength changes), the ends of the conductor may be aimed in such a way to draw away electrical charge, something we refer to as an induction charge.

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In technical practice, induction is used in transformer stations and in generators.

Because the conductor remains in the magnetic field, it may in of itself induce a charge, something we refer to as self-induction. Because a conductor cannot cause itself to move, the effect of this induction is always a change in the current which passes through the conductor. An inducted charge always acts against the charge passing through a conductor (a Lenze law) and may be substantially higher than the original charge of the conductor.

If the flow of the current is very quickly and repeatedly disturbed, such as with the help of some switch, a very strong induction charge may be generated, which may in turn generate small sparks at the point of the switch. Such high induction charges are used for lighting neon light bulbs.

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